The Division of Telecommunications oversees the performance of the telephone companies, under the Board's jurisdiction. It is responsible for developing a framework for competition while also investigating the prices and conditions of company offerings to the public. The Division regularly deals with issues concerning the prices to be paid by competitive telecommunications companies that need to lease portions of the existing telephone network to provide service to their customers. Monitoring the need for new area codes, investigating ways to conserve the use of telephone numbers and overseeing the level of service quality are additional areas of responsibility. The Division will also assist in resolving disputes when companies cannot agree on rates, terms and conditions of service. 
 
The Division is comprised of two Bureaus: Market Structure and Engineering and Rates.

Its Bureau of Market Structure executes the Board's regulatory policies for the implementation of local phone competition. It is responsible for the review of activities related mergers, divestitures, transfers of control, acquisitions and lifeline rates. It also conducts inter-carrier coordination activities, which include interconnection agreement over site and, in the event an agreement cannot be reached, coordination of arbitration proceedings.

Its Bureau of Engineering and Rates develops regulatory practices and rules, including monitoring to open markets to competitive forces. The Bureau also analyzes wholesale and retail service quality standards and service outages, property sales, tariff revisions and exchange boundary revisions. It examines the acceleration of advanced facilities deployment into the telecommunications network to ensure that the upgrades benefit, in particular schools and libraries. The Bureau is also responsible for the administration of the Telecommunications Relay System for the deaf and hearing-impaired.