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INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS
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After serious flooding events, news reports include pictures of disrupted transportation, including submerged automobiles, and disrupted train service. In fact, about half of all flood related deaths occur in automobiles. Damage to water and sewer systems and inherent health hazards are also common. Roads and rail lines are often located within flood plains, exposing travelers to hazardous conditions during flooding, especially at bridge crossings. In addition, the design of bridges and culverts often constricts stream channels and the resulting backwater aggravates upstream flooding.
The responsibility for transportation networks is spread between federal, state, and local governments. There is great potential for flood loss reduction using improved design standards for the infrastructure network. At the same time, there is also a need to understand and advertise the methods that are being used to reduce flood damage through improved infrastructure design.