COUNTRY

MAJOR LANGUAGES & DIALECTS

AFGHANISTAN

Afghan Persian (Dari); Pastu/Pashtu (Pushto); Turk/Turkic languages (Uzbek & Turkmen); Farsi (Persian); Balochi & Pashai.

ALBANIA

Albanian, Tosk, & Greek

ALGERIA

Arabic, French, and Berber Dialects

AMERICAN SAMOA (territory of U.S.)

English & Samoan

ANDORRA

Catalan-Valencian-Baer, French

ANGOLA

Portuguese, Bantu, Kikongo [Kongo], Kimbundu, Kwanyama, & Umbundu

ANGUILLA (territory of U.K.)

English, Leeward Caribbean Creole

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

English, Leeward Caribbean Creole

ARGENTINA

Spanish

ARMENIA

Armenian & Russian

ARUBA (territory of the Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamentu

AUSTRALIA

English (235 Other Living Languages)

AUSTRIA

German, Slovenian

AZERBAIJAN

Azerbaijani

BAHAMAS

English, Bahamas Creole

BAHRAIN

Arabic

BANGLADESH

Bangla (Bengali, Sylhetti)

BARBADOS

English, Bajan

BELARUS

Belarusan, Belorussian, Bielorussian, Byelorussian

BELGIUM

Dutch, French, & German

BELIZE

English, Creole, Kriol, Spanish, Hindustani

BENIN

French, Fon, & Yoruba

BERMUDA (territory of U.K.)

Creole(English Based-Pidgin), English

BHUTAN

Dzongkha

BOLIVIA

Spanish, Quechua, & Aymara

BONAIRE (Netherland Antilles)

Dutch & Papiamento

BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

Bosnian, Serbian, & Croatian

BOTSWANA

English, Tswana

BRAZIL

Portuguese

BRUNEI DARUSSALAM

Malay, English, & Chinese

BULGARIA

Bulgarian, Turkish

BURKINA FASO

French, Moore, Fulfulde, Jula

BURMA, Union of Myanmar

Burmese

BURUNDI

French, Rundi

CAMBODIA

Khmer

CAMEROON

French & English

CANADA

English & French

CAPE VERDE

Portuguese, Kabuverdianu

CAYMAN ISLANDS (U.K.)

English

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

French & Sangho

CHAD

Arabic & French

CHILE

Spanish

CHINA, People’s Republic of

Mandarin (Putonghua), Cantonese (Yue, Toishan, Taishan), Chuang, Hakka dialects, Taiwanese, Uigur, Wu, Gan,Minjia, Kuoyu Chin, Minbei, Minnan, & other minority languages

CHRISTMAS ISLAND (territory of Australia)

English

COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS
(territory of Australia)

English & Malay

COLOMBIA

Spanish

COMOROS

French, Arabic, & Comoran

CONGO

French, Lingala, Munukutuba

CONGO, Democratic Republic of (Formerly Zaire)

French, Lingala, Luba-Kasai, Congoswahili

COOK ISLANDS (territory of New Zealand)

English

COSTA RICA

Spanish

CROATIA

Croatian, Italian

CUBA

Spanish

CURACAO (territory of the Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento.

CYPRUS

Greek & Turkish

CZECH REPUBLIC

Czech & Slovak

DENMARK

Danish, German

DJIBOUTI

French & Arabic

DOMINICA

English, Leeward Caribbean Creole, Lesser Antillean Creole French

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Spanish

ECUADOR

Spanish

EGYPT, Arab Republic of 

Arabic

EL SALVADOR

Spanish

ENGLAND

English

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Spanish, Fang, Bube

ERITREA

Afar, Arabic, Hijaz Arabic

ESTONIA

Estonian

ETHIOPIA

Amharic, Tigrigna, English

FIJI

English, Fijian, & Hindi

FINLAND

Finnish & Swedish

FRANCE

French

FRENCH GUIANA

French

FRENCH POLYNESIA

French & Tahitian

GABON

French

GAMBIA

English, Mandinka, Mandingo, Wolof

GEORGIA

Georgian, Russian, Armenian, & Azeri

GERMANY

German

GHANA

Asante, Twi, Akuapin Twi, Fante, Ewe, Ga-Adangme, Nzema, Dagbani, Dagarri, Kasem, Frafra, Buli, Kusaal, Sisaala, Gonja, Akan, Agona

GIBRALTAR

English & Spanish

GREECE

Greek

GREENLAND

Danish

GRENADA

English, Creole French

GUADELOUPE

French

GUAM

Chamorro & English

GUATEMALA

Spanish

GUINEA, Republic of

Fuuta, French (each ethnic group has its own language)

GUINEA-BISSAU, Republic of

Portuguese, Crioulo, Mandingo, & African languages

GUYANA

English, Hindi, Hindustani, Urdu, & Amerindian dialects

HAITI

French & Haitian-Creole

HONDURAS

Spanish

HUNGARY

Hungarian (Magyar)

ICELAND

Icelandic

INDIA

Hindi, English, Assamese, Bengali, Guajarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Panjabi (Punjabi), Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, & Urdu

INDONESIA

Indonesian & Javanese

IRAN

Farsi (Persian)

IRAQ

Arabic & Kurdish (official in certain areas),Assyrian

IRELAND

Irish Gaelic, English

ISRAEL

Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, & English

ITALY

Italian, French, German

IVORY COAST (Côte d’Ivoire)

French, Krahn

JAMAICA

English, Patwa, Patois

JAPAN

Japanese

JORDAN

Arabic

KAZAKHSTAN

Kazakh

KENYA

English, Swahili, Kiembu

KIRIBATI

English, Kiribati

KOREA, North

Korean

KOREA, South

Korean

KUWAIT

Arabic

KYRGYZSTAN

Kyrgyz (Kirghiz)

LAOS

Lao (Laotian)

LATVIA

Latvian

LEBANON

Arabic

LESOTHO

English, South Sotho

LIBERIA

Bassa, Dan, Klao, Kru, Kisi, Krahn, Creole(English Based-Pidgin)

LIBYA

Arabic

LIECHTENSTEIN

German

LITHUANIA

Lithuanian

LUXEMBOURG

Luxembourgish, French, & German

MACAU (Administrative Region of China)

Portuguese & Cantonese

MACEDONIA, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

Macedonian, Albanian, Turkish, and Serbo-Croatian

MADAGASCAR

French & Malagasy

MALAWI

English, Nyanja (Chewa), Tunbuka

MALAYSIA

Malay

MALDIVES

Dhivehi (Sinhalese/Sinhala dialect) & English

MALI

French, Bamanankan, Bomu, Bozo, Dogoso, Fulfulde, Hasanya, Mamara, Maninkakan, Sonoy, Syenara, Tamasayt, Xaasongaxanno

MALTA

English & Maltese

MARSHALL ISLANDS

English & Japanese

MARTINIQUE

French & Creole dialects

MAURITANIA

Arabic, Hassaniyya

MAURITIUS

Creole (common), French, English, Hindi, Urdu, Bhojpuri

MEXICO

Spanish

MICRONESIA

English , Chuuk, Kosraean, Ponapean, Yapase

MIDWAY ISLANDS (U.S. territory)

English

MOLDOVA

Romanian (Moldovian), Gagauz, & Bulgarian

MONACO

French, English, Italian, & Monegasque

MONGOLIA

Mongolian (Khalkha Mongol)

MONTSERRAT (territory of U.K.)

English

MOROCCO

Arabic; French (language of business, government, & post-primary education)

MOZAMBIQUE

Portuguese & indigenous languages/dialects

NAMIBIA

Afrikaans, English, German, & and indigenous languages

NEPAL

Nepali (Pahari)

NETHERLANDS

Dutch, West Frisian, Drents, Gronings, Wester Wolds, Hindustani

NEW ZEALAND

English & Maori

NICARAGUA

Spanish

NIGER

French, Hausa, Djerma, Fula, Arabic

NIGERIA

Creole(English Based-Pidgin), Hausa,  & others

NORWAY

Norwegian

OMAN

Arabic

PAKISTAN

Urdu, English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushtu, & Balochi

PALAU

English & Palauan

PANAMA

Spanish

PAPAU NEW GUINEA

Motu, English, Hiri, Motu, Tokpisin

PARAGUAY

Spanish & Guarani

PERU

Spanish & Quechua

PHILLIPINES

Pilipino (Tagalog), English, Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)

PITCAIRN ISLANDS (territory of U.K.)

English, Pitcairn-Norfolk

POLAND

Polish

PORTUGAL

Portuguese

PUERTO RICO, Commonwealth of (Free Associated State of the U.S.)

Spanish & English

QATAR

Arabic

ROMANIA

Romanian

RUSSIA

Russian

RWANDA

French, Rwanda, English

SABA (territory of the Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento

SAINT HELENA (territory of U.K.)

English

SAINT KITTS & NEVIS

English, Leeward Caribbean Creole

SAINT LUCIA

English, French Creole

SAINT MAARTEN (territory of the Netherlands)

Dutch & Papiamento

SAINT MARTIN (territory of France)

Papiamento, English, French, & Dutch

SAINT PIERRE & MIQUELON (territory of France)

French

SAINT VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

English, Windward Caribbean Creole

SAMOA

Samoan & English

SAN MARINO

Italian

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

Portuguese, Saotomense, Principense

SAUDI ARABIA

Arabic

SCOTLAND

English

SENEGAL

French, Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Diola, Mandinka, Mandingo, Soninke, Halinke, Serer-Sine, Jola-Fogny

SERBIA & MONTENEGRO, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Serbo-Croatian (Serbian) & Albanian

SEYCHELLES

English, French, & Seswela

SIERRA LEONE

English, Bassa, Fuuta Jalon, Kono, Krio, Kuranko

SINGAPORE

English, Mandarin & other Chinese dialects, Malay & Tamil, Bengali

SLOVAKIA

Slovak

SLOVENIA

Slovenian, Hungarian, Italian

SOLOMON ISLANDS

English, Baelelea Cheke Holo

SOMALIA

Somali, Arabic, English

SOUTH AFRICA

Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Pedi, Sotho, Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, & Zulu

SPAIN

Spanish, Basque, Galician, Gascon, Catalan

SRI LANKA

Sihala (Sinhalese) & English

SUDAN

Arabic, Fulfulde, Fur, Hausa

SURINAME

Dutch, Hindustani

SWAZILAND

Swati,  English

SWEDEN

Swedish

SWITZERLAND

German, French, & Italian

SYRIA

Arabic

TAIWAN

Mandarin & Taiwanese (Fukien, Amoy, Min Swatow)

TAJIKISTAN

Tajik

TANZANIA

Swahili, Arabic, English

THAILAND

Thai

TIBET

Tibetan

TOGO

French, Ewe, Kabiye

TONGA

English & Tongan

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

English, Hindustani, French Creole

TUNISIA

Arabic & French

TURKEY

Turkish

TURKMENISTAN

Turkmenistan

TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS (territory of U.K.)

English

TUVALU (former Ellice Islands)

Tuvaluan

UGANDA

English, Luganda, Swahili, Bantu, & Nilotic languages.

UKRAINE

Ukrainian

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

Arabic

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

English

URUGUAY

Spanish

UZBEKISTAN

Uzbek

VANUATU

English, French, and Bislama

VENEZUELA

Spanish

VIETNAM

Vietnamese

VIRGIN ISLANDS (territory of U.K.)

English, Creole

VIRGIN ISLANDS (St. Thomas, St.Criox, & St. John-territory of U.S.)

English, Creole

WALES

English & Welsh

YEMEN

Arabic

YUGOSLAVIA, Federal Republic of (Serbia & Montenegro)

Serbo-Croatian (Serbian), Albanian, Hungarian

ZAMBIA

English, Bemba, Tonga, Nyanja, Lozi, Luvale, Ndembu (Lundu), & Kaonde.

ZIMBABWE

English, Shona, Sindebele, & tribal dialects