Speaking:    Students construct and extend meaning through speaking.

Knowledge:

        SK 1.  Students should know that speaking is a mode of thinking, learning, and communicating.

a.    Analysis
b.    Synthesis
c.    Response
d.    Reflection
e.    Evaluation
f.    Application
g.    Sharing
h.    Aesthetic awareness
i.     Prediction

        SK 3.  Students should know that speaking is used for a variety of audiences and purposes.

a.    Audience/Relationships (setting, type of audience, attitude)

1.    Self
2.    Peer(s)
3.    Community
4.    Larger society

b.    Audience dynamics

1.    Audience knowledge
2.    Audience attitude
3.    Degree of formality
4.    Type of presentation

c.    Purposes

1.    Express
2.   Explain/Understand
3.   Inform/Gain information
4.   Reflect
5.    Persuade/Be persuaded
6.   Problem solve
7.   Imagine
8.    Question
9.   Entertain/Be entertained
10.   Enjoy
11.   Share
12.   Explore
13.   Record
14.   Summarize
15.   Collaborate
16.   Respond
17.   Create
18.   Clarify
19.   Develop point of view
20.   Interpret
21.   Evaluate and critique

SK 4.  Students should know that speakers access and exchange information through verbal and
nonverbal messages.

a.    Elements of verbal messages

1.     Tone
2.    Diction
3.     Volume
4.    Rhythm
5.    Pacing
6.    Syntax
7.    Semantics

b.    Elements of nonverbal messages

1.    Eye contact
2.    Gestures
3.    Body language
4.    Visual aids

SK 5.  Students should know that speakers clarify, revise, and adjust through interaction with
their audience.

SK 6.  Students should know that critical reflection and analysis contribute to the speaking
experience.

SK 7.  Students should know that critical reflection on multiple perspectives and texts helps the
speaker to construct meaning.

a.    Research materials
b.    Discussion
c.    Peer review
d.    Prior knowledge
e.    Literary models
f.     Others' points of view