State of New Jersey Department of Education

TEST SPECIFICATION
STANDARD 4.1 (NUMBER AND NUMERICAL OPERATIONS): by Grade 2

Cumulative Progress Indicators
A. Number Sense [4.1.2.A]
Sample Question
  1. Use real-life experiences, physical materials, and technology to construct meanings for numbers (unless otherwise noted, all indicators for grade 2 pertain to these sets of numbers as well).
    • Whole numbers through hundreds
    • Ordinals
    • Proper fractions (denominators of 2, 3, 4, 8, 10)
  2. Demonstrate an understanding of whole number place value concepts.
  3. Understand that numbers have a variety of uses.
  4. Count and perform simple computations with coins.
    • Amounts up to $1.00 (using cents notation)
  5. Compare and order whole numbers.
B. Numerical Operations [4.1.2.B]
Sample Question
  1. Develop the meanings of addition and subtraction by concretely modeling and discussing a large variety of problems.
    • Joining, separating, and comparing
  2. Explore the meanings of multiplication and division by modeling and discussing problems.
  3. Develop proficiency with basic addition and subtraction number facts using a variety of fact strategies (such as "counting on" and "near doubles") and then commit them to memory.
  4. Construct, use, and explain procedures for performing addition and subtraction calculations with:
    • Pencil-and-paper
    • Mental math
    • Calculator
  5. Use efficient and accurate pencil-and-paper procedures for computation with whole numbers.
    • Addition of 2-digit numbers
    • Subtraction of 2-digit numbers
  6. Select pencil-and-paper, mental math, or a calculator as the appropriate computational method in a given situation depending on the context and numbers.
  7. Check the reasonableness of results of computations.
  8. Understand and use the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction.

C. Estimation [4.1.2.C]

Sample Question
  1. Judge without counting whether a set of objects has less than, more than, or the same number of objects as a reference set.
  2. Determine the reasonableness of an answer by estimating the result of computations (e.g., 15 + 16 is not 211).
  3. Explore a variety of strategies for estimating both quantities (e.g., the number of marbles in a jar) and results of computation.