- Use real-life experiences, physical materials, and technology
to construct meanings for numbers (unless otherwise noted,
all indicators for grade 4 pertain to these sets of numbers
as well).
- Whole numbers through millions
- Commonly used fractions (denominators of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
8, 10, 12, and 16) as part of a whole, as a subset of a
set, and as a location on a number line
- Decimals through hundredths
- Demonstrate an understanding of place value concepts.
- Demonstrate a sense of the relative magnitudes of numbers.
- Understand the various uses of numbers.
- Counting, measuring, labeling (e.g., numbers on baseball
uniforms), locating (e.g., Room 235 is on the second floor)
- Use concrete and pictorial models to relate whole numbers,
commonly used fractions, and decimals to each other, and to
represent equivalent forms of the same number.
- Compare and order numbers.
- Explore settings that give rise to negative numbers.
- Temperatures below 0o, debts
- Extension of the number line
| B. Numerical
Operations [4.1.4.B] |
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- Develop the meanings of the four basic arithmetic operations
by modeling and discussing a large variety of problems.
- Addition and subtraction: joining, separating, comparing
- Multiplication: repeated addition, area/array
- Division: repeated subtraction, sharing
- Develop proficiency with basic multiplication and division
number facts using a variety of fact strategies (such as "skip
counting" and "repeated subtraction") and then
commit them to memory.
- Construct, use, and explain procedures for performing whole
number calculations and with:
- Pencil-and-paper
- Mental math
- Calculator
- Use efficient and accurate pencil-and-paper procedures for
computation with whole numbers.
- Addition of 3-digit numbers
- Subtraction of 3-digit numbers
- Multiplication of 2-digit numbers
- Division of 3-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers
- Construct and use procedures for performing decimal addition
and subtraction.
- Count and perform simple computations with money.
- Standard dollars and cents notation
- Select pencil-and-paper, mental math, or a calculator as the
appropriate computational method in a given situation depending
on the context and numbers.
- Check the reasonableness of results of computations.
- Use concrete models to explore addition and subtraction with
fractions.
- Understand and use the inverse relationships between addition
and subtraction and between multiplication and division.
- Judge without counting whether a set of objects has less than,
more than, or the same number of objects as a reference set.
- Construct and use a variety of estimation strategies (e.g.,
rounding and mental math) for estimating both quantities and
the results of computations.
- Recognize when an estimate is appropriate, and understand
the usefulness of an estimate as distinct from an exact answer.
- Use estimation to determine whether the result of a computation
(either by calculator or by hand) is reasonable.
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