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TEST SPECIFICATION
STANDARD 4.2 (GEOMETRY AND MEASUREMENT): by Grade 4

Cumulative Progress Indicators

A. Geometric Properties [4.2.4.A]
  1. Identify and describe spatial relationships of two or more objects in space.
    • Direction, orientation, and perspectives (e.g., which object is on your left when you are standing here?)
    • Relative shapes and sizes
    • Shadows (projections) of everyday objects
  2. Use properties of standard three-dimensional and two-dimensional shapes to identify, classify, and describe them.
    • Vertex, edge, face, side, angle
    • 3D figures - cube, rectangular prism, sphere, cone, cylinder, and pyramid
    • 2D figures - square, rectangle, circle, triangle, quadrilateral, pentagon, hexagon, octagon
    • Inclusive relationships - squares are rectangles, cubes are rectangular prisms
  3. Identify and describe relationships among two-dimensional shapes.
    • Congruence
    • Lines of symmetry
  4. Understand and apply concepts involving lines, angles, and circles.
    • Point, line, line segment, endpoint
    • Parallel, perpendicular
    • Angles - acute, right, obtuse
    • Circles - diameter, radius, center
  5. Recognize, describe, extend, and create space-filling patterns.
B. Transforming Shapes [4.2.4.B]
  1. Use simple shapes to cover an area (tessellations).
  2. Describe and use geometric transformations (slide, flip, turn).
  3. Investigate the occurrence of geometry in nature and art.
C. Coordinate Geometry [4.2.4.C]
  1. Locate and name points in the first quadrant on a coordinate grid.
  2. Use coordinates to give or follow directions from one point to another on a map or grid.
D. Units of Measurement [4.2.4.D]
  1. Understand that everyday objects have a variety of attributes, each of which can be measured in many ways.
  2. Select and use appropriate standard units of measure and measurement tools to solve real-life problems
    • Length - fractions of an inch (1/8, 1/4, 1/2), mile, decimeter, kilometer
    • Area - square inch, square centimeter
    • Volume - cubic inch, cubic centimeter
    • Weight - ounce
    • Capacity - fluid ounce, cup, gallon, milliliter
  3. Develop and use personal referents to approximate standard units of measure (e.g., a common paper clip is about an inch long).
  4. Incorporate estimation in measurement activities (e.g., estimate before measuring).
  5. Solve problems involving elapsed time.
E. Measuring Geometric Objects [4.2.4.E]
  1. Determine the area of simple two-dimensional shapes on a square grid.
  2. Distinguish between perimeter and area and use each appropriately in problem-solving situations.
  3. Measure and compare the volume of three-dimensional objects using materials such as rice or cubes.