|
YEARS
OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST TO AGE 65
YEARS
OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST BY CAUSE
Analyses
of patterns of cause-specific death rates, both crude and age-adjusted,
have traditionally been used to examine the relative importance of the
various causes of death acting upon a population. Since most deaths
occur in the older age groups, these measures are heavily weighted toward
the mortality experience of the elderly. From a public health perspective,
serious attention must also be directed toward the prevention of premature
deaths, i.e., deaths that occur earlier than the average life expectancy
or prior to some selected age, such as 65. The New Jersey Department
of Health and Senior Services has recognized the importance of this
concept by designating the prevention of premature death as one of two
overall goals in Healthy New Jersey 2000, New Jersey's health agenda
for the decade of the 1990s (New Jersey Department of Health, 1991).
A measure
used to reflect the trends in premature mortality is years of potential
life lost (YPLL). YPLL represents the summation of all of the years
of life not lived to a defined upper limit (for these purposes set at
age 65) by those who died during the year of interest, at ages less
than the specified upper limit (NCHS, 1994). Deaths at younger ages
receive a greater weight in computing YPLL than do deaths at older ages,
e.g., one death at age 20 adds 45 years to YPLL, while a death at age
64 adds only one year to YPLL. Thus the death of one 20 year old is
equivalent to the deaths of 45 persons aged 64 in the computation of
years of potential life lost.
There
were 338,027 years of potential life lost to age 65 by New Jersey residents
who died in 1996 before reaching their 65th birthdays. The major contributor
to YPLL in New Jersey was cancer, followed by unintentional injuries
and HIV infection (Table M15 and Figure M4). Other major contributors
to YPLL were heart disease and certain conditions originating in the
perinatal period (early infant mortality). In the U.S. in 1996, the
leading causes of YPLL were unintentional injury, cancer, heart disease,
and HIV infection, in that order.
TABLE
M15. LEADING CAUSES OF YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST BEFORE AGE
65
NEW JERSEY AND THE UNITED STATES, 1996 |
CAUSE
OF DEATH
(ICD-9 CODES) |
NEW
JERSEY |
UNITED
STATES |
| RANK* |
YPLL |
RATE** |
RANK* |
RATE** |
| MALIGNANT
NEOPLASMS (140-208) |
1 |
58,664.0 |
851.6 |
2 |
804.3 |
| UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES (E800-E949) |
2 |
44,299.5 |
643.1 |
1 |
856.8 |
| HIV
INFECTION (42-44) |
3 |
43,249.0 |
627.9 |
4 |
330.8 |
| DISEASES
OF THE HEART (390-398,402. 404-429) |
4 |
36,744.5 |
533.4 |
3 |
616.0 |
| EARLY
INFANT MORTALITY (760-779) |
5 |
27,794.5 |
254.4 |
8 |
223.2 |
| HOMICIDE
& LEGAL INTERVENTION(E960-E978) |
6 |
13,171.5 |
191.2 |
5 |
298.4 |
| SUICIDE
(E950-E959) |
7 |
12,390.0 |
179.9 |
6 |
291.1 |
| CONGENITAL
ANOMALIES (740-759) |
8 |
11,773.5 |
170.9 |
7 |
229.4 |
| CEREBROVASCULAR
DISEASE (430-438) |
9 |
7,728.0 |
112.2 |
9 |
111.8 |
| CHRONIC
LIVER DISEASE ANDCIRRHOSIS (571) |
10 |
6,594.5 |
95.7 |
10 |
95.7 |
| ALL
OTHER CAUSES |
-- |
75,618.0 |
1,097.8 |
-- |
1,035.8 |
| TOTAL
YPLL, ALL CAUSES |
-- |
338,027.0 |
4,907.2 |
-- |
5,033.6 |
*
RANK IS ASSIGNED ON THE BASIS OF YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST
TO AGE 65 ATTRIBUTED TO THE RESPECTIVE CAUSE GROUP
**RATES ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000 POPULATION UNDER THE AGE OF 65,
WITH THE EXCEPTION OF EARLY INFANT MORTALITY WHICH IS COMPUTED
PER 1,000 LIVE BIRTHS |
The
New Jersey YPLL rate was slightly lower than the rate in the nation
as a whole. Additionally, the ranking of the ten leading causes of
YPLL and the rates per 100,000 population under 65 differed in New
Jersey and the nation (Table M15 and Figure M5). New Jersey's rate
of YPLL was higher than the United States rate for cancer, HIV infection,
and early infant mortality. The YPLL rate from each type of injury
(unintentional, suicide, and homicide) was higher in the U.S. than
in New Jersey, as were the YPLL rates from heart disease and congenital
anomalies. The YPLL rates for chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis
and stroke were virtually identical for New Jersey and the nation
as a whole.
Cancer
of all sites was the leading cause of YPLL in 1996 in New Jersey,
responsible for 58,664 years of potential life lost to age 65 from
deaths that occurred in 1996. Of deaths due to cancer, the major contributor
to YPLL was cancer of the lung and bronchus, which was responsible
for 12,355 YPLL or slightly more than one-fifth of the total YPLL
due to cancer (Figure M6). The next leading contributor to the YPLL
from cancer was female breast cancer with 7,220 YPLL. Cancer of digestive
organs other than the colon and rectum caused 6,854 years of potential
life to be lost in 1996. Cancer of the genitourinary system accounted
for 6,297 YPLL, of which 1,415 were due to cervical cancer and 590
to prostate cancer. Cancer of the colon and rectum caused 4,460 YPLL.
Unintentional
injury was the second leading cause of premature death in New Jersey
as measured by YPLL. There were 1,533 unintentional injury deaths
of New Jersey residents under the age of 65 in 1996: 618 from injuries
resulting from motor vehicle accidents and 915 from other unintentional
injuries. The major cause of YPLL from unintentional injury was death
from motor vehicle-related injuries, accounting for 19,183 YPLL. Under
the age of 65, the greatest frequency of motor vehicle-related deaths
occurred in the 15 through 24 year age group (168 deaths), with substantial
numbers of deaths also in the 25 through 34 year age group (134) and
among 35 through 44 year olds (115). Motor vehicle-related injury
deaths accounted for 43.3 percent of YPLL due to unintentional injuries
in 1996 (CHS, 1998b).
The
next most frequent cause of YPLL due to unintentional injuries was
accidental poisoning by drugs. This category includes accidental overdose
of a drug, wrong drug given or taken in error and drug taken accidentally,
but excludes a correct drug properly administered in therapeutic dosage
and administration of a drug with suicidal or homicidal intent. More
than one-third (35.6%) of the YPLL attributed to unintentional injury
deaths was due to accidental drug poisoning. Nearly three-fourths
(73.7%) of total drug poisoning deaths were of individuals 25 through
44 years of age. Three other categories of unintentional injuries
which made substantial contributions to YPLL in 1996 were drownings
(3.8% of unintentional injury YPLL), deaths due to falls (3.5%), and
deaths due to fire and flames (3.0%) (CHS, 1998b).
The
third leading cause of YPLL among New Jersey residents in 1996 was
HIV infection, which was responsible for 43,249 years of potential
life lost. This represents a 17,746 year reduction (a 29.1% decrease)
from the HIV infection YPLL of 1994 (Martin, R.M., et. al., 1996).
Of the total years lost to HIV infection in 1996, 60.3 percent were
due to premature deaths of black residents (Table M16). The vast majority
of the years of potential life lost to HIV infection occurred in persons
aged 25 through 44. A total of 35,020 years of potential life were
lost to HIV infection by persons in this age group; this represented
81.0 percent of the total HIV infection YPLL (CHS, 1998b).
Years
of Potential Life Lost by Race
In
1996, 107,979.5 years of potential life were lost by black New Jerseyans
who died before their 65th birthdays (Table M16). White residents
under the age of 65 accounted for 212,614 YPLL from deaths that occurred
in 1996. While blacks account for 15.5 percent of New Jersey's population
under the age of 65, premature deaths of black residents represent
almost one-third (32.0%) of total YPLL. At the same time, white residents
are 78.8 percent of the state's population under age 65, but accounted
for only 62.9 percent of the total YPLL. The YPLL rates differed dramatically
by race: the rate of YPLL among blacks (10,132.3 per 100,000 black
population under 65) was 2.6 times the white rate (3,916.0 per 100,000
white population under 65).
The
rates of YPLL for each of the 10 leading causes of YPLL among black
residents were higher for blacks than the corresponding rates for
whites (Table M16 and Figure M8). Some of the discrepancies in rates
were quite dramatic. The black rate of YPLL due to homicide was 8.9
times the white rate; the black/white ratio of YPLL rates due to HIV
infection was 7.9, the pneumonia/influenza ratio was 4.1, the ratio
for certain conditions surrounding the perinatal period (early infant
mortality) was 2.7, and the ratio for stroke was 2.7. Other leading
causes of YPLL in the black population with relatively high black/white
ratios included diabetes (2.2), congenital anomalies (1.9), unintentional
injury (1.8), and diseases of the heart (1.6). Not only were the black
YPLL rates higher than the white rates for HIV infection and homicide,
the years of life lost by blacks actually exceeded the white YPLL
for these two causes by 9,176 and 3,447 years, respectively.
Of
the 10 leading causes of YPLL among either black or white residents,
only suicide had a higher rate in whites than in blacks (186.6 and
160.0, respectively). Suicide was the sixth leading cause of YPLL
among white residents under 65 and twelfth among blacks.
TABLE
M16. LEADING CAUSES OF YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST BEFORE AGE
65
WHITE AND BLACK POPULATIONS
NEW JERSEY, 1996 |
CAUSE
OF DEATH
(ICD-9 CODES) |
WHITE |
BLACK |
| RANK |
YPLL |
RATE* |
RANK |
YPLL |
RATE* |
| MALIGNANT
NEOPLASMS (140-208) |
1 |
46,024.0 |
847.7 |
3 |
11,149.0 |
1,046.2 |
| UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES(E800-E949) |
2 |
31,896.0 |
587.5 |
2 |
11,533.5 |
1,082.3 |
| DISEASES
OF THE HEART(390-398, 402, 404-429) |
3 |
27,404.5 |
504.7 |
5 |
8,470.5 |
794.8 |
| HIV
INFECTION (42-44) |
4 |
16,904.0 |
311.3 |
1 |
26,080.0 |
2,447.2 |
| EARLY
INFANT MORTALITY(760-779) |
5 |
16,189.5 |
195.6 |
4 |
10,766.5 |
565.4 |
| SUICIDE
(E950-E959) |
6 |
10,130.0 |
186.6 |
12 |
1,705.0 |
160.0 |
| CONGENITAL
ANOMALIES (740-759) |
7 |
8,279.5 |
152.5 |
7 |
3,113.0 |
292.1 |
| CHRONIC
LIVER DISEASE & CIRRHOSIS (571) |
8 |
5,375.0 |
99.0 |
15 |
1,194.5 |
112.1 |
| CEREBROVASCULAR
DISEASE (430-438) |
9 |
4,901.5 |
90.3 |
8 |
2,571.5 |
241.3 |
| HOMICIDE
& LEGAL INTERVENTION(E960-E978) |
10 |
4,640.0 |
85.5 |
6 |
8,087.0 |
758.9 |
| DIABETES
MELLITUS (250) |
11 |
4,070.0 |
75.0 |
10 |
1,765.0 |
165.6 |
| PNEUMONIA/INFLUENZA
(480-487) |
12 |
2,992.0 |
55.1 |
9 |
2,417.0 |
226.8 |
| ALL
OTHER CAUSES |
-- |
33,808.0 |
622.7 |
-- |
19,127.0 |
1,794.8 |
| TOTAL
YPLL, ALL CAUSES |
-- |
212,614.0 |
3,916.0 |
-- |
107,979.5 |
10,132.3 |
*RATES
ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000 RACE-SPECIFIC POPULATION UNDER THE AGE
OF 65 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF EARLY INFANT MORTALITY WHICH IS COMPUTED
PER 1,000
RACE-SPECIFIC LIVE BIRTHS |
HIV infection
continued to be the leading cause of premature death among New Jersey's
black population in 1996, accounting for 26,080 years of potential
life lost before age 65 or 24.2 percent of the total YPLL for blacks.
HIV infection was the fourth leading cause of YPLL among white residents.
Not only was the black YPLL rate almost eight times the white rate,
the years of life lost to age 65 by blacks to HIV infection actually
exceeded the white YPLL for this cause group (Figure M7). The age
group accounting for most of the black premature deaths due to HIV
infection was 25 through 44 years. YPLL for this age group totaled
20,360 years or 78.1 percent of the total YPLL due to HIV infection
among blacks (CHS, 1998b).
Unintentional
injuries ranked second as a cause of YPLL among both blacks and whites
in 1996, accounting for 11,533.5 and 31,896 YPLL, respectively (Table
M17). Motor vehicle-related fatalities were the leading cause of unintentional
injury YPLL among whites, accounting for 45.7 percent of white unintentional
injury YPLL. Unintentional drug poisonings were the leading cause
of unintentional injury YPLL in blacks; the YPLL rate among blacks
was 2.3 times the rate among whites. Other major causes of unintentional
injury deaths among both blacks and whites under 65 were deaths from
drownings, falls, and fire and flames. The discrepancy among YPLL
rates among whites and blacks was particularly great in deaths from
fire and flames: the black YPLL rate was 7.1 times the white rate
in 1996.
TABLE
M17. YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST DUE TO UNINTENTIONAL INJURY
BY TYPE OF INJURY AND RACE
NEW JERSEY, 1996 |
CAUSE
OF DEATH
(ICD-9 CODES) |
WHITE |
BLACK |
| YPLL |
RATE* |
YPLL
|
RATE* |
| MOTOR
VEHICLE RELATED (E810-E825) |
14,577.0 |
268.5 |
4,031.0 |
378.3 |
| DRUG
POISONING (E850-E858) |
10,700.0 |
197.1 |
4,904.5 |
460.2 |
| DROWNINGS
(E910) |
1,387.5 |
25.6 |
165.0 |
15.5 |
| FALLS
(E880-E888) |
1,292.0 |
23.8 |
240.0 |
22.5 |
| FIRE
AND FLAMES (E890-E899) |
561.0 |
10.3 |
774.5 |
72.7 |
| OTHER
INJURIES |
3,378.5 |
62.2 |
1,418.5 |
133.1 |
| TOTAL
INJURY YPLL (E800-E949) |
31,896.0 |
587.5 |
11,533.5 |
1,082.3 |
| *RATES
ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000 RACE-SPECIFIC POPULATION UNDER THE
AGE OF 65 |
Cancer
ranked first as a cause of YPLL among New Jersey's white population
in 1996, accounting for 46,024 years of life lost to age 65 and
third among the black population as a cause of YPLL, responsible
for 11,149 YPLL. The overall YPLL rate among blacks was 1.2 times
the white rate, 1,046.2 and 847.7, respectively (Table M18). Among
both black and white populations, cancer of the female breast had
the highest rate of YPLL, followed by cancer of the lung and bronchus.
Rates of YPLL were higher among blacks than whites for many types
of cancer. The ratios of black/white YPLL rates were particularly
high for cancer of the lip, oral cavity and pharynx (3.8), cancer
of the prostate (2.8), cervix uteri cancer (1.6), hematopoietic
tissue cancer, except leukemia (1.6), and cancer of the digestive
organs, excluding the colon and rectum (1.6). For cancer types with
sufficient numbers of deaths and/or substantial differences by race,
white YPLL rates exceeded black rates for cancer of the nervous
system (by a ratio of 2.8:1) and leukemia (1.4:1).
TABLE
M18. YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST DUE TO MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
BY SITE AND RACE
NEW JERSEY, 1996 |
CAUSE
OF DEATH
(ICD-9 CODES) |
WHITE |
BLACK |
| YPLL |
RATE* |
YPLL |
RATE* |
| LIP,
ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX (140-149) |
635.0 |
11.7 |
475.0 |
44.6 |
| COLON
& RECTUM (153-154, 159.0) |
3,480.0 |
64.1 |
910.0 |
85.4 |
| OTHER
DIGESTIVE ORGANS (150-152, 155-158, 159.1-159.9) |
4,952.0 |
91.2 |
1,535.0 |
144.0 |
| LUNG
& BRONCHUS (162.2-162.9) |
9,935.0 |
183.0 |
2,210.0 |
207.4 |
| BONE,
SKIN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE (170-173) |
2,520.0 |
46.4 |
555.0 |
52.1 |
| FEMALE
BREAST (174) |
5,560.0 |
205.5 |
1,510.0 |
274.0 |
| CERVIX
UTERI (180) |
1,035.0 |
38.2 |
345.0 |
62.6 |
| OTHER/UNSPECIFIED
FEMALEGENITAL ORGANS (179, 181-184) |
1,885.0 |
69.7 |
450.0 |
81.7 |
| PROSTATE
(185) |
385.0 |
14.1 |
205.0 |
39.8 |
| OTHER/UNSPECIFIED
MALE GENITAL ORGANS (186-187) |
200.0 |
7.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
| URINARY
ORGANS (188-189) |
1,382.0 |
25.5 |
275.0 |
25.8 |
| NERVOUS
SYSTEM (191-192) |
3,596.5 |
66.2 |
255.0 |
23.9 |
| LEUKEMIA
(204-208) |
3,054.5 |
56.3 |
435.0 |
40.8 |
| OTHER
HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE (200-203) |
3,235.0 |
59.6 |
1,030.0 |
96.7 |
| OTHER
SITES (160.0-162.0, 163-165,175, 190, 193-195) |
1,462.0 |
26.9 |
329.0 |
30.9 |
| UNSPECIFIED
SITES (196-199) |
2,707.0 |
49.9 |
630.0 |
59.1 |
| TOTAL
YPLL (140-208) |
46,024.0 |
847.7 |
11,149.0 |
1,046.2 |
| *RATES
ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000 RACE-SPECIFIC POPULATION UNDER THE
AGE OF 65, EXCEPT THE RATES FOR FEMALE BREAST, CERVIX UTERI,
AND OTHER FEMALE GENITAL ORGANS WHICH ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000
RACE-SPECIFIC FEMALES UNDER THE AGE OF 65 AND THE RATES FOR
PROSTATE AND OTHER MALE GENITAL ORGANS WHICH ARE CALCULATED
PER 100,000 RACE-SPECIFIC MALES UNDER THE AGE OF 65. |
Certain
conditions surrounding the perinatal period (early infant mortality)
ranked fourth as a cause of YPLL among black residents and fifth
among whites. This cause group (ICD-9 codes 760-779) includes disorders
relating to short gestation and unspecified low birth weight, respiratory
distress syndrome and other causes. This group of causes was responsible
for 10.0 percent of the total black YPLL in 1996.
Years
of Potential Life Lost by Sex
Years
of potential life lost differ by sex, both in terms of volume of
years lost and in the relative ranking of causes responsible for
premature death (Figure M9 and Table M19). In 1996, early death
led to 212,212.5 YPLL among males and 125,729.5 among females. The
rates per 100,000 sex-specific population under 65 were 6,184.0
and 3,637.3, respectively (a male/female ratio of 1.7).
TABLE
M19. LEADING CAUSES OF YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST BEFORE AGE
65
BY SEX
NEW JERSEY, 1996 |
CAUSE
OF DEATH
(ICD-9 CODES) |
MALE |
FEMALE |
| RANK |
YPLL |
RATE* |
RANK |
YPLL |
RATE* |
| UNINTENTIONAL
INJURIES(E800-E949) |
1 |
32,901.5 |
958.8 |
4 |
11,398.0 |
329.7 |
| HIV
INFECTION (42-44) |
2 |
30,010.0 |
874.5 |
2 |
13,239.0 |
383.0 |
| MALIGNANT
NEOPLASMS (140-208) |
3 |
28,451.5 |
829.1 |
1 |
30,187.5 |
873.3 |
| DISEASES
OF THE HEART (390-398,402, 404-429) |
4 |
26,004.0 |
757.8 |
5 |
10,725.5 |
310.3 |
| EARLY
INFANT MORTALITY (760-779) |
5 |
14,897.0 |
268.1 |
3 |
12,897.5 |
240.3 |
| HOMICIDE
& LEGAL INTERVENTION (E960-E978) |
6 |
10,170.5 |
296.4 |
8 |
3,001.0 |
86.8 |
| SUICIDE
(E950-E959) |
7 |
9,825.0 |
286.3 |
10 |
2,565.0 |
74.2 |
| CONGENITAL
ANOMALIES (740-759) |
8 |
6,682.5 |
194.7 |
6 |
5,091.0 |
147.3 |
| CHRONIC
LIVER DISEASE & CIRRHOSIS (571) |
9 |
4,864.5 |
141.8 |
14 |
1,730.0 |
50.0 |
| CEREBROVASCULAR
DISEASE (430-438) |
10 |
4,071.5 |
118.6 |
7 |
3,656.5 |
105.8 |
| DIABETES
MELLITUS (250) |
12 |
3,110.0 |
90.6 |
9 |
2,855.0 |
82.6 |
| ALL
OTHER CAUSES |
-- |
41,224.5 |
1,201.3 |
-- |
28,383.5 |
821.1 |
| TOTAL
YPLL, ALL CAUSES |
-- |
212,212.5 |
6,184.0 |
-- |
125,729.5 |
3,637.3 |
| *RATES
ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000 SEX-SPECIFIC POPULATION UNDER THE AGE
OF 65 WITH THE EXCEPTION OF EARLY INFANT MORTALITY WHICH IS
COMPUTED PER 1,000 SEX-SPECIFIC LIVE BIRTHS |
The
leading cause of YPLL among males in 1996 was unintentional injuries,
which ranked fourth among females in 1996 (Table M19). The rate
of YPLL due to unintentional injuries per 100,000 males under the
age of 65 was 2.9 times the comparable rate for females (Figure
M10).
HIV
infection ranked second as a cause of YPLL for both males and females
in 1996. HIV infection had been the leading cause of YPLL for males
in both 1992 and 1994 (Martin, R.M., et. al., 1995 and Martin, R.M.,
et. al., 1996). In 1996, the YPLL rate for males was 2.3 times the
rate for females.
Cancer
was the leading cause of YPLL among females, responsible for 30,187.5
YPLL. Cancer ranked third as a cause of YPLL among males, with a
YPLL rate 5.1 percent lower than the female rate. The types of cancer
which led to YPLL differed by sex (Table M20). In every cancer site
not specific to sex, male YPLL rates were higher than female rates,
however, the total YPLL rate for females was higher than the rate
for males. This is due primarily to the YPLL for female breast cancer,
which exceeded all other site-specific cancer YPLL rates. For those
cancer sites for which the rates for males were higher than the
female rates, some had ratios of male/female YPLL rates which were
quite high: the lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer YPLL rate was
3.1 times as high in males as in females, while the YPLL rate in
cancer of the urinary organs was 1.9 times as high in males as in
females. YPLL rates for cancer of the nervous system, digestive
organs excluding the colon and rectum, and hematopoietic tissue
excluding leukemia were also substantially higher in males than
in females.
TABLE
M20. YEARS OF POTENTIAL LIFE LOST DUE TO MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
BY SITE AND SEX
NEW JERSEY, 1996 |
CAUSE
OF DEATH
(ICD-9 CODES) |
MALE |
FEMALE |
| YPLL |
RATE* |
YPLL |
RATE* |
| LIP,
ORAL CAVITY, PHARYNX (140-149) |
875.0 |
25.5 |
280.0 |
8.1 |
| COLON
& RECTUM (153-154, 159.0) |
2,440.0 |
71.1 |
2,020.0 |
58.4 |
| OTHER
DIGESTIVE ORGANS (150-152, 155-158, 159.1-159.9) |
4,195.0 |
122.2 |
2,659.0 |
76.9 |
| LUNG
& BRONCHUS (162.2-162.9) |
6,665.0 |
194.2 |
5,690.0 |
164.6 |
| BONE,
SKIN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE (170-173) |
1,880.0 |
54.8 |
1,297.0 |
37.5 |
| FEMALE
BREAST (174) |
-- |
-- |
7,220.0 |
208.9 |
| CERVIX
UTERI (180) |
-- |
-- |
1,415.0 |
40.9 |
| OTHER/UNSPECIFIED
FEMALEGENITAL ORGANS (179, 181-184) |
-- |
-- |
2,425.0 |
70.2 |
| PROSTATE
(185) |
590.0 |
17.2 |
-- |
-- |
| OTHER/UNSPECIFIED
MALE GENITAL ORGANS (186-187) |
200.0 |
5.8 |
-- |
-- |
| URINARY
ORGANS (188-189) |
1,085.0 |
31.6 |
582.0 |
16.8 |
| NERVOUS
SYSTEM (191-192) |
2,478.5 |
72.2 |
1,445.0 |
41.8 |
| LEUKEMIA
(204-208) |
1,962.0 |
57.2 |
1,647.5 |
47.7 |
| OTHER
HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE (200-203) |
2,630.0 |
76.6 |
1,700.0 |
49.2 |
| OTHER
SITES (160.0-162.0, 163-165, 175, 190, 193-195) |
1,364.0 |
39.7 |
487.0 |
14.1 |
| UNSPECIFIED
SITES (196-199) |
2,087.0 |
60.8 |
1,320.0 |
38.2 |
| TOTAL
YPLL (140-208) |
28,451.5 |
829.1 |
30,187.5 |
873.3 |
| RATES
ARE COMPUTED PER 100,000 SEX-SPECIFIC POPULATION UNDER THE AGE
OF 65. |
Among
other leading causes of YPLL, major discrepancies in male/female
rates occurred in suicide (a male/female ratio of 3.9), homicide
and legal intervention (a ratio of 3.4), chronic liver disease and
cirrhosis (a ratio of 2.8), and heart disease (a ratio of 2.4).
With the exception of cancer, the male rates for each of the 10
leading causes of YPLL were higher than the corresponding female
rates (Figure M10).
|
