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COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
The definition of AIDS was expanded in 1993 to include individuals with
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and one or more of the following
conditions: a CD4+ T-lymphocyte count of fewer than 200 cells per microliter;
a CD4+ T-cell percentage under 14; pulmonary tuberculosis; recurrent
pneumonia within a 12 month period; or invasive cervical cancer. The
number of AIDS cases diagnosed among New Jersey residents peaked in
1993 and has been declining ever since. The number of new AIDS cases
diagnosed in 1998 was the lowest since 1987 (Table C1). The majority
of AIDS cases in 1998 were identified due to a low CD4+ T-lymphocyte
count (Table C2). By 1998, two-thirds of the reported cumulative cases
of AIDS had died (Table C1 and Figure C1).
In New
Jersey, the highest proportion of adult and adolescent AIDS cases diagnosed
in 1998 were acquired through injecting-drug use. Heterosexual contact
and male sex with male contact were the second and third leading modes
of transmission reported among adults and adolescents. In the United
States as a whole, male sex with male contact accounted for the highest
proportion of transmission, followed by injecting-drug use and then
heterosexual contact (Table C3). The incidence rate of AIDS among New
Jersey males was twice that of females. The highest rate of AIDS occurred
among those 30-49 years old. The AIDS rate among black non-Hispanic
males was 14.3 times that of white non-Hispanic males and the rate for
black non-Hispanic females was 24.7 times that of their white non-Hispanic
counterparts. The rates for Hispanic males and females fell between
those for black and white non-Hispanics (Table C4). Essex County had
an incidence rate 3.6 times the statewide rate of 20.0 per 100,000 population
(Table C5).
Tuberculosis
(TB)
For the fifth year, the number of reported TB cases declined (Table
C6 and Figure C2). The highest rates of TB occurred among those aged
25-34 and 65 and over. The rate for males was 1.5 times the rate for
females. Whites had the lowest TB rates, followed by blacks and persons
of races other than white or black, respectively. The highest rates
were among other race males aged 25-34 (68.7 per 100,000 population)
and black males aged 45-54 (61.8) (Table C7). Hudson and Essex Counties
had rates more than twice that of the state as a whole (Table C8).
Sexually
Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
In 1998, syphilis cases continued to decline while gonorrhea and chlamydia
cases remained fairly stable (Table C9). The highest rate of syphilis
occurred among those aged 25-29, while gonorrhea's highest rate was
among 20-24 year olds and chlamydia's was among those 15-19 (Table C10).
Essex County had syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia rates more than
twice that of the state. Camden County's syphilis and gonorrhea rates
were more than double the state rate and Mercer County had a gonorrhea
rate twice the statewide rate (Table C11).
Other
Reported Diseases
As in 1996 and 1997, approximately 2,000 cases of Lyme disease were
reported in 1998 (Table C12). More than a quarter of the Lyme disease
cases were in Hunterdon County alone where the rate was 437.8 per 100,000
population (Tables C13 and C14). This was the highest county rate of
any communicable disease reported to the State. Most Lyme disease cases
were reported among those 25-64 years old and more than half were reported
in June and July (Tables C15 and C16).
About
1,500 cases of salmonella were reported in 1998. This was similar to
the numbers reported in 1996 and 1997 (Table C12). Nearly one-third
of salmonella cases were reported among those under age five and the
majority of cases occurred during the summer (Tables C15 and C16).
The
Technical Notes section contains information
on sources of data, allocation of data by residence or occurrence, quality
of data, racial and ethnic classification, definitions, and rates and
ratios.
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COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE DATA TABLES
|
| Table
C1 |
AIDS
Cases by Year of Diagnosis, Vital Status, and Cumulative Cases,
1981-1998 |
| Table
C2 |
AIDS
Cases by Classification |
|
Table C3 |
Adult
and Adolescent AIDS Cases by Mode of Transmission and Sex,
New Jersey and the United States |
| Table
C4 |
AIDS
Cases by Age, Race/Ethnicity, and Sex |
| Table
C5 |
AIDS
Incidence by County of Residence |
| Table
C6 |
Tuberculosis
Incidence and Mortality, 1988-1998 |
| Table
C7 |
Verified
Tuberculosis Cases by Age, Sex and Race |
| Table
C8 |
Tuberculosis
Incidence by County |
| Table
C9 |
Reported
Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 1988-1998 |
| Table
C10 |
Reported
Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases by Age Group |
| Table
C11 |
Reported
Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases by County |
| Table
C12 |
Reported
Cases of the Most Frequently Reported Communicable Diseases |
| Table
C13 |
Reportable
Communicable Diseases by County |
| Table
C14 |
Reportable
Communicable Disease Rates by County |
| Table
C15 |
Reportable
Communicable Diseases by Age |
| Table
C16 |
Reportable
Communicable Diseases by Month of Onset |
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MORBIDITY
ILLUSTRATIONS
|
| Figure
C1 |
AIDS
Cases by Year of Diagnosis and Vital Status, 1981--1998 |
| Figure
C2 |
Tuberculosis
Incidence, 1988-1998 |
Return
to Health Statistics 1998
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