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Guidance DocumentsAlternative Ground Water Sampling Techniques GuideAppendix II

  
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Appendix II

Alternative Ground Water Sampling Techniques Guide (July 1994)

  1. The following materials shall be acceptable for the grouting of boreholes.

    1. Portland Neat Cement - In accordance with Table 1
    2. Portland Cement/High Grade Bentonite - In accordance with Table 2
    3. High Grade Bentonite - In accordance with Table 3

PROCEDURES FOR SEALING BORINGS/PROBE HOLES

Table 1

Portland Cement

Type of Cement Pounds of Cement Gallons of Water Target Density
lbs/gal		 Acceptable Density Range
lbs/gal		 Water to Cement Ratio
I & III 94 5.2 15.6 15.0-16.3 0.46
III 94 6.3 14.8 14.2-15.5 0.56

 

Table 2

Portland Cement/High Grade Bentonite
Only Portland Cement Types I or II

Pounds of Bentonite Pounds of Cement Gallons of Water Target Density
lbs/gal		 Acceptable Density Range
lbs/gal		 Water to Cement Ratio
5.0 94 8.3 13.9 13.4-14.5 0.74

 

Table 3

High Grade Bentonite
Numbers Based on 15 to 30% Solids by Weight

Pounds of Bentonite Target Gallons of Water* Acceptable Range of Water
(gallons)*		 Target Density
lbs/gal**		 Acceptable Density Range
lbs/gal**
5.0 18 14-34 9.8 9.2-10.5

 

* Accurate Measurement of materials prior to mixing is imperative as air entrainment during the physical mixing of the slurry tends to decrease the density of the mixture.
**

Bentonite Products and additives should be mixed in accordance with manufacturers specifications.

  1. When using straight bentonite - Bentonite shall not be used for grouting in those instances where it will come in contact with ground water having a pH less than 5.0 and/or a Total Dissolved Solids content in excess of 1,000 ppm.
  2. Where the grouting material extends through zones of salt water, a salt/water resistant grout material shall be used.

Grout Placement

  1. Pressure Grouting - The grout shall be pumped, through a tremie pipe, in one continuous operation, from the bottom to the top of the borehole. The tremie/grout pipe may be slowly raised as the grout is being placed but the discharge end of the pipe shall remain submerged in the grout at all times until grouting is complete.
  2. When grouting a borehole, the grout must extend up to the ground surface.

    Potable water must be used for mixing grouting materials and drilling fluids.

    The driller must maintain an accurate written log of all materials encountered, record details for each boring, and record the depth of each water bearing zone. This information must be submitted to the Bureau of Water Allocation as required N.J.S.A. 58:4A-14.
   

 

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Disclaimer

This document was prepared by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), Site Remediation Program (SRP) and has been subject to peer review. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use.

Acknowledgements

The author would like to express his sincere appreciation for the review and comments to initial drafts of this document made by personnel within and outside the Department.